Title: HIV testing at district level.

POPLINE Document Number: 125518

Author(s):

Klokke A

Source citation:

In: HIV prevention and AIDS care in Africa. A district level approach, edited by Japheth Ng'weshemi, Ties Boerma, John Bennett and Dick Schapink. Amsterdam, Netherlands, Royal Tropical Institute, 1997. :270-9.

Abstract:

This chapter outlines the minimum requirements for HIV screening at district-level health facilities in sub-Saharan Africa. HIV testing is feasible only if enough samples (more than 10 units of blood per week) are anticipated and adequate space and trained staff are available. A health facility with a poor laboratory and limited financial resources should not undertake HIV screening. Four types of test kits are available for clinic use: rapid assays, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), immunoglobulin G antibody captured particle adherence tests (GACPAT), and Western blots. The World Health Organization has recommended testing strategies based on whether the subject is a blood donor, a symptomatic or asymptomatic patient, and the area's HIV prevalence. One test is sufficient for blood donors, but three tests are required for asymptomatic persons in areas with an HIV prevalence of 10% or less. Since the costs of available tests range from US $1 to $5, the need for confirmatory testing can drain hospital resources. Costs can be reduced, however, through pooling, re-use of tests, and GACPAT use. Appropriate counseling and strict confidentiality are essential.

Keywords:

Africa, Sub Saharan
HIV Prevention
AIDS Prevention
Screening
HIV Testing
Equipment and Supplies
Health Services Administration
Standards
Africa
Developing Countries
HIV Infections
Viral Diseases
Diseases
AIDS
Examinations and Diagnoses
Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses
Management
Organization and Administration
Research Methodology