Title: [The methods and agents for preventing pregnancy]

POPLINE Document Number: 076072

Author(s):

Volkov IM

Source citation:

FELDSHER I AKUSHERKA, 1991 Oct;56(10):54-7.

Abstract:

Abortion increases the chance of premature birth by 2 times and perinatal mortality by 1.5 times and leads to other complications in subsequent pregnancies and births. Therefore, the use of contraceptives for the prevention of pregnancies is vital. Among contraceptives used in the USSR, the condom is used by 30% of married couples, the vaginal diaphragm and chemical methods by 15% of women, the rhythm method by 15%, IUD by 30%, and hormonal contraceptives by 10%. The IUD is used by more than 100 million women in the world, and its effectiveness in the first year amounts to 1.5-3.4 pregnancies/100 woman years of use. Undesirable side effects occur in 5-6% of users, e.g., spontaneous expulsion and exacerbation of genital inflammatory processes. The maximum duration of use is 4-5 years. The calendar method's effectiveness is 14.4-47 pregnancies/100 woman years of use. The basal temperature method is highly effective with a rate of .3-3.6 pregnancies. The symptothermal method's effectiveness rate is 2-12. The condom with spermicide has an effectiveness rate of 14-18 and also protects against AIDS. The effectiveness rate of the vaginal diaphragm is about 12. Mechanical and chemical methods are also highly effective. Coitus interruptus is not recommended because of unreliability and emotional detraction. Hormonal contraceptives are highly effective: their use for 2 years reduces the frequency of breast operations 4 times. They can be recommended up to age 40. Young women and those inclined to gain weight should interrupt the use of contraceptives with higher steroid dose such as Non-Ovlon and Bisecurin. In chronic inflammatory processes of the uterus steroids that possess pronounced gestagen activity such as Non-Ovlon and Ovidon are recommended. The use of contraceptive methods protects the normal reproductive function of women.

Keywords:

USSR
Contraceptive Methods
Contraceptive Effectiveness
Condom
Vaginal Diaphragm
Rhythm Method, Calendar
IUD
Oral Contraceptives
Contraceptive Usage
Developing Countries
Contraception
Family Planning
Barrier Methods
Vaginal Barrier Methods
Family Planning, Behavioral Methods