Title: Exposure to children and risk of active trachoma in Tanzanian women.

POPLINE Document Number: 081375

Author(s):

Congdon N
West S
Vitale S
Katala S
Mmbaga BB

Source citation:

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY, 1993 Feb 1;137(3):366-72.

Abstract:

The authors surveyed the trachoma status of 515 women aged 18-60 years and 527 children aged 107 years in the trachoma hyperendemic region of Kongwa, Tanzania, in 1989 to further describe the importance of exposure to young children as a risk factor for active trachoma in women. The women were identified as caretakers, who currently cared for children aged 1-7 years; noncaretakers, who live with, but did not care for, children aged 1-7; or those without children aged 1-7 in the household. The age-adjusted odds ratios for active trachoma seemed to rise with greater exposure to young children, from 1.00 for women without such children, to 1.63 for noncaretakers and 2.43 for caretakers (trend test, p = 0.08). Among those who lived in households with young children, the prevalence of active trachoma in women increased with the total number of young children cared for and with the number of infected children cared for. The prevalence of active trachoma was 40% (6 of 15) for caretakers of 3 or more infected children, compared with 0 (0 of 88) for caretakers with no infected children (p < 0.0001). Caring for infected children also appeared to be associated with signs of chronic trachoma in caretakers. Noncaretakers who lived with infected children were not at a significantly increased risk for trachoma compared with noncaretakers who were not exposed to such children (5.4% [3 of 56] vs 5.6% [1 of 18]; p > 0.4). None of the facial signs observed in the children (flies on the face, nasal discharge, etc.) appeared to increase the odds ratio of active trachoma in caretakers beyond the increase associated with trachoma alone in the child. These data support the hypothesis that active disease in women is associated with direct caretaking of young children with active disease. Strategies that interrupt household transmission may affect the blinding sequelae of trachoma in women. (author's)

Keywords:

Health Surveys
Tanzania
Infections
Ophthalmological Effects
Risk Factors
Child Care
Prevalence
Bacterial and Fungal Diseases
Communicable Diseases
Mothers
Transmission
Health
Africa, Eastern
Africa, Sub Saharan
Africa
Developing Countries
Diseases
Physiology
Biology
Child Rearing
Behavior
Measurement
Research Methodology
Parents
Family Relationships
Family Characteristics
Family and Household