Title: Introduction: population, labour, migration: historical studies and issues of current debate.

POPLINE Document Number: 201254

Author(s):

Bade KJ

Source citation:

In: Population, labour and migration in 19th- and 20th-century Germany, edited by Klaus J. Bade. New York, New York, Berg Publishers Ltd., 1987. :1-14. (German Historical Perspectives Volume 1.)

Abstract:

In the 19th and 20th centuries, Germans abroad and foreigners in Germany have experienced the most varied forms of emigration and immigration: 1) the older German emigration to eastern and southeastern Europe, especially Russia and Austria-Hungary; 2) the mass transatlantic emigration from 19th century Germany; 3) the mass movement of foreign migrant workers, especially form Congress Poland and Austrian Galacia, in the late 19th and early 20th century; 4) forced labor by Fremdarbeiter in Nazi Germany; 5) emigration from Nazi Germany on political, ideological, and racial grounds; 6) forced resettlement in German-occupied Europe during the 2nd World War; and 7) movements of millions expellees and refugees at the end of the war. Marschalck's study of German demographic history emphasizes the development of mortality and fertility in the 19th and 20th centuries and the relationship between the development of fertility and that of the labor market and labor conditions. Pierenkemper races the main lines of labor market development in Germany from the early 19th century to the present, looking closely at the system of employment and the labor market. Bade combines the perspectives of population, labor market, economy, and internal and transnational migration with those of labor administration, emigration policies, and policies towards foreign labor in Germany in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Langewiesche and Lenger deal with the causes, development, and problems of internal migration in 19th and early 20th century Germany. Klebmann's case study considers and particular aspect of the largely proletarian labor migration within Germany in the late 19th and early 20th century: the movement of Ruhr Poles from the Prussian east to the coal and steel conurbation of the Ruhr district in the Prussian west. Doerries deals with the history of German transatlantic emigration, about 90% of which was directed at the US in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Bade continues the historical account given in his 1st paper of developments from Imperial Germany to the Weimar Republic to the present. Korte characterizes the main positions adopted by economists and social scientists on whether foreign workers are guestworkers or immigrants.

Keywords:

Germany, Federal Republic Of
Europe, Western
Europe
Population Dynamics
Population
Labor Force
Human Resources
Economic Development
International Migration
Migration, Internal
Migration
Historical Demography
Demography
Time Factors
Europe, Central
Developed Countries
Demographic Factors
Economic Factors
Social Sciences